Diet » Health Articles » Artificial Sweeteners
Artificial sweeteners are low calorie substances used as sweeteners to replace sugar and other caloric sweeteners. Many kinds of artificial sweeteners are available saccharin, cyclamate, aspartame, alitame, neotame, acesulfame-K, sucralose and Stevia.
Saccharin is a synthetic, white crystalline powder; benzoic sulfinide has effectively no food energy and is much sweeter than sucrose. It is 350 times sweeter than sugar, but has an unpleasant bitter aftertaste. It is not easily digested by the body. Trade name is symcal. Used in soft drinks, chewing gums, jams, jellies, sauces, gelatin and salad dressings. Commercially available in three forms as a sodium salt, as a calcium salt and in the acid form.
Cyclamate is the sodium or calcium salt of cyclamic acid. It is 30–50 times sweeter than sugar. Available in three forms cyclamic acid, calcium cyclamate and sodium cyclamate. It is not suitable for diabetes. Used in caramels, chewing gums and hard candies.
Aspartame is the methyl ester of a phenylalanine/aspartic acid dipeptide. It is 200 times sweeter than sugar and 70 percent of all aspartame is used in sodas. It has flavour enhancing properties. When taken in less it is metabolized. Trade name is neutral sweet. Used for carbonated beverages, puddings, frozen fruit, juice, RTE products.
Alitame is similar to Aspartame in that it is made from amino acids, namely L-aspartic acid and D-alanine. It is 2000 times sweeter than sucrose.
Neotame is a white crystalline powder manufactured from two amino acids, phenylalanine and aspartic acid. It is 7,000 to 13,000 times sweeter than sugar, so very little of it is needed to sweeten foods.
Acesulfame-K is 200 times sweeter than sugar and the body can't break it down, so it's excreted from the body unchanged. It is freely soluble in water. It is not metabolized in the body. Used for imitation dairy products, pickles, beverages, marinated fish etc.
Sucralose is similar in structure to regular sugar and contains maltodextrin and it is 600 times sweeter than sugar. Your body absorbs very little of this artificial sweetener. No after taste. It can be used in all products.
Stevia is made from rebaudioside A, one of the components of the Stevia rebaudiana. It is 250 times sweeter than sugar. Many people who want to avoid sugar and calories use stevia in the form of a non-nutritive sweetener or as an extract.
Aspartin It provides same number of calories as sugar but the quantity is small, so calories added are less by giving less quantity.
Sugar alcohols
Manitol: Manitol is converted into fructose. It is not metabolized and provides 2 kcals / Gm. It has laxative effect, when consumed in large quantity. It is less desirable in diabetic patients. Used in hard candies, cough drops chewing gums, jams and jellies.
Sorbitol: It is a common sweetener. In liver it is converted into fructose, it is metabolized independently of insulin. Used in chewing gums, cough drops, jellies, baked products, baking mixes, frozen dairy desserts.
Xylitol: Present in many fruits and vegetables. Metabolized directly in liver or indirectly by fermentation of bacteria in intestine. It is as sweet as sucrose.
Maltitol: Produced by hydrogenation of maltose. Enzymatic hydrolysis of corn starch.
Food Recipes
» Achari Mutton
Ingredients
Mutton – 800 gms
Cloves - 5
Chopped Coriander leaves – ½ cup
Onion seeds – 1 tsp
Mustard oil - 7
tbspFenugreek seeds – ½ tsp
Chopped Ginger – 2 tbsp
Fennel seeds – 1 tsp
Chopped Garlic – 1 tbsp
Cumin seeds – ½ tsp
Mustard seeds – 1 tsp
Turmeric powder – 1 tsp
Onions, medium - 4
Red chilies, whole - 8
Salt to taste
Red chili powder – 1 tsp
Tomato medium Sized- 4
Preparation Time
45 minutes
Method
Wash and cut the mutton into small pieces.
Cut the onions and tomatoes.
Roast the whole spices separately and grind everything coarsely.
Heat the oil in a thick-bottomed pot to smoking point, cool and again heat up the oil and fry the onions till brown.
Add the chopped ginger-garlic.
Then add coarsely ground masala powder.
Stir-fry for half a minute, stirring all the time.
Now add mutton, stir fry on high flame heat up till mutton pieces are well browned.
Add the tomatoes, turmeric powder, red chili powder and salt and mix well.
Stir-fry till oil leaves the masala.
Mix in sufficient quantity of water (about 21/2 cups), bring it to a boil and cover.
Stir-fry till the mutton is fully done.
Adjust the flavor and serve hot decorated with coriander leaves.
Baby Care Basics
Good baby care begins with the way the newborn is held. Support should be provided at the back and head with your arm and hand. Touch your baby often. Use skin-to-skin contact and hold your baby close to you.
Some of the fundamental baby care basics have been discussed underneath:
• Cord Care-
Many parents wonder when the umbilical cord stump will fall off. The cord stump should fall off within one to three weeks after birth. At each diaper change, clean the cord with alcohol.
• Crying-
Crying is a baby's means of communication. Babies cry when they have to burp or are wet, soiled, tired, bored, or just lonely. As time goes by, a mother learns what her baby's crying means. If feeding cues accompany crying, it's usually a sign of hunger. You will not spoil your baby by responding promptly to crying. Your baby only cries if he or she needs something. When you satisfy his or her needs, your baby is learning to trust people and begins to know that someone cares for him or her. After taking care of physical needs, there are many things you can do to calm a crying baby. Try holding your baby over your shoulder, or place your baby on his or her stomach across your knees or arms. But these should be avoided when the baby have has been fed immediately. If breastfeeding, you should try to avoid the use of a pacifier until breastfeeding is well established (usually by three to four weeks).
• Sleeping-
Most newborn babies sleep more than they do anything else. Babies develop their own sleeping pattern. It is normal for a tiny baby to sleep 16 to 20 hours a day. Take advantage of your baby's sleep periods to get the rest that you need. During sleep, your baby may make sucking motions, whimper, smile, or move his or her eyes. It is recommended that all healthy full-term infants sleep on their backs to reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).
• Nail Care-
During the first days of life, the baby’s nails may be long and adhered to the skin high on the nail. Trim nails frequently with blunt edged small scissors or file with an emery board to prevent scratching. Cut nails straight across. Utmost care should be taken not to injure the baby while cutting or trimming his or her nail.
• Bathing-
Provide sponge bathe for your baby until the cord falls off. After this, tub baths may be given. Bathing every one to two days is all that is necessary. Shampooing hair two to three times a week is adequate. Bathing can be done any time of day. It should, however, be given before a feeding or at least one hour after feeding. Gather baby equipment before you begin. The bath can be given in a basin, a small tub, or kitchen sink. Never leave your baby unattended during the bath. If you have forgotten something, bring the baby with you! Be sure to test the water temperature with the inside of your wrist to make sure that the water is not too hot! Use a mild soap sparingly, but not on baby's face. Lotions and oils are unnecessary. Always support the baby's head and neck and keep a good grip on baby while bathing. Babies can get very slippery. Wash the baby from head down leaving the diaper area to last. Don't leave any soap on baby. Clean the outside of the baby's ear with a washcloth around one of your fingers. Cotton tip swabs should not be used in the nose or ears.
• Diapering-
Diapering is probably the most dreaded of all baby care activities. Diapers should be changed when wet or soiled. Disposable cotton diapers are the best the baby and this also saves the mother from unwanted diaper-changing activities like washing etc.
One should be prepared with all diapering supplies like a couple of diapers, wipes, ointment, etc., before starting to change the diaper. Choose a specific flat and secure area for the diaper change of the baby. This can be a changing table or changing pad. Be sure to use the strap for baby's safety. Never leave baby unattended while changing him or her. Unfasten the old diaper, but don't pull it out from under the baby yet. This allows for some margin of safety in case the cold air inspires baby to let go.
Grasp the baby's ankles and gently lift their bottom up and begin to wash their bottom with the wipes. If the area is heavily soiled you can use the front part of the old diaper to remove part of the mess. As you finish with each wipe, gently place in under the baby (clean side up) for easier clean up. When the baby's skin is clean pull the diaper and wipes out from under baby and set it aside.
Place the new, clean diaper under baby and secure the fasteners. If your still have a newborn, you might need to fold down the top of the diaper to make room from the umbilical cord. Don't be afraid to pull the diaper on snuggly.
After putting baby's clothes back on, take the old diaper and use the fasteners to make it into a small ball, criss-crossing the fasteners. Place it in the diaper pail or trash. Wash your hands properly after changing the diaper each time.
Baby Care Basics
Good baby care begins with the way the newborn is held. Support should be provided at the back and head with your arm and hand. Touch your baby often. Use skin-to-skin contact and hold your baby close to you.
Some of the fundamental baby care basics have been discussed underneath:
• Cord Care-
Many parents wonder when the umbilical cord stump will fall off. The cord stump should fall off within one to three weeks after birth. At each diaper change, clean the cord with alcohol.
• Crying-
Crying is a baby's means of communication. Babies cry when they have to burp or are wet, soiled, tired, bored, or just lonely. As time goes by, a mother learns what her baby's crying means. If feeding cues accompany crying, it's usually a sign of hunger. You will not spoil your baby by responding promptly to crying. Your baby only cries if he or she needs something. When you satisfy his or her needs, your baby is learning to trust people and begins to know that someone cares for him or her. After taking care of physical needs, there are many things you can do to calm a crying baby. Try holding your baby over your shoulder, or place your baby on his or her stomach across your knees or arms. But these should be avoided when the baby have has been fed immediately. If breastfeeding, you should try to avoid the use of a pacifier until breastfeeding is well established (usually by three to four weeks).
• Sleeping-
Most newborn babies sleep more than they do anything else. Babies develop their own sleeping pattern. It is normal for a tiny baby to sleep 16 to 20 hours a day. Take advantage of your baby's sleep periods to get the rest that you need. During sleep, your baby may make sucking motions, whimper, smile, or move his or her eyes. It is recommended that all healthy full-term infants sleep on their backs to reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).
• Nail Care-
During the first days of life, the baby’s nails may be long and adhered to the skin high on the nail. Trim nails frequently with blunt edged small scissors or file with an emery board to prevent scratching. Cut nails straight across. Utmost care should be taken not to injure the baby while cutting or trimming his or her nail.
• Bathing-
Provide sponge bathe for your baby until the cord falls off. After this, tub baths may be given. Bathing every one to two days is all that is necessary. Shampooing hair two to three times a week is adequate. Bathing can be done any time of day. It should, however, be given before a feeding or at least one hour after feeding. Gather baby equipment before you begin. The bath can be given in a basin, a small tub, or kitchen sink. Never leave your baby unattended during the bath. If you have forgotten something, bring the baby with you! Be sure to test the water temperature with the inside of your wrist to make sure that the water is not too hot! Use a mild soap sparingly, but not on baby's face. Lotions and oils are unnecessary. Always support the baby's head and neck and keep a good grip on baby while bathing. Babies can get very slippery. Wash the baby from head down leaving the diaper area to last. Don't leave any soap on baby. Clean the outside of the baby's ear with a washcloth around one of your fingers. Cotton tip swabs should not be used in the nose or ears.
• Diapering-
Diapering is probably the most dreaded of all baby care activities. Diapers should be changed when wet or soiled. Disposable cotton diapers are the best the baby and this also saves the mother from unwanted diaper-changing activities like washing etc.
One should be prepared with all diapering supplies like a couple of diapers, wipes, ointment, etc., before starting to change the diaper. Choose a specific flat and secure area for the diaper change of the baby. This can be a changing table or changing pad. Be sure to use the strap for baby's safety. Never leave baby unattended while changing him or her. Unfasten the old diaper, but don't pull it out from under the baby yet. This allows for some margin of safety in case the cold air inspires baby to let go.
Grasp the baby's ankles and gently lift their bottom up and begin to wash their bottom with the wipes. If the area is heavily soiled you can use the front part of the old diaper to remove part of the mess. As you finish with each wipe, gently place in under the baby (clean side up) for easier clean up. When the baby's skin is clean pull the diaper and wipes out from under baby and set it aside.
Place the new, clean diaper under baby and secure the fasteners. If your still have a newborn, you might need to fold down the top of the diaper to make room from the umbilical cord. Don't be afraid to pull the diaper on snuggly.
After putting baby's clothes back on, take the old diaper and use the fasteners to make it into a small ball, criss-crossing the fasteners. Place it in the diaper pail or trash. Wash your hands properly after changing the diaper each time.
Glamour
Ways of applying eye make up
Here are the steps you can follow to get absolutely attractive eyes.
• Use concealer and cover the under eye circles. Apply concealer as dots under eye and staring at the inner corner toward the outer part, pat it until this disappears.
• Now apply an eye base that matches your skin complexion better.
• Now apply eye shadow. Take a lighter, medium and a dark shade that is close to your natural complexion. Apply the lighter shade and slowly spread it from the lids to the brow. And then do the same with remaining shade.
• Now use the eyeliner. Line it close to the upper lashes.
• Curl lashes suing a metal eye lash curler.
• Then apply mascara using the mascara wand with a wriggling movement.
Dental
Dentures
What are Dentures?
Dentures are the artificial prosthesis which is the substitute of missing teeth. Dentures take support of surrounding soft tissues and teeth to stabilize in oral cavity.
How many types of dentures are there?
There are two types of dentures:
• Partial dentures
• Complete dentures
What are partial Dentures?
When some teeth are present and few are missing then Partial denture is fabricated.
How many types of partial dentures are present?
Partial dentures are of two types:
• Removable partial denture(RPD)
• Fixed Partial Denture(FPD)
What are the advantages of Removable partial denture?
1. Removable partial denture can be easily removed by patient and can easily be cleaned.
2. It is less expensive
3. Removable partial dentures are fully tooth supported and helps in normal chewing.
What are the disadvantages of Removable partial denture?
1. Since removable partial denture are fully tooth supported, sometimes cause injury to tooth supported gums.
2. If patient does not maintain proper oral hygiene, RPD can be harmful for other remaining natural teeth.
3. Due to removing RPD again and again it sometimes becomes loose.
What are the advantages of fixed partial denture?
1. These dentures are attached to natural teeth, roots or implants and cannot be removed by patient.
2. FPD has high retention as compared to removable partial denture.
3. Patient feels FPD like his natural teeth. Hence less compliance factor.
What are the disadvantages of FPD?
1. It is expensive procedure.
2. More time consuming and regular checkups are advisable.
3. If patient’s supportive teeth are not strong enough to bear forces offered by FPD, then it has poor prognosis.
4. If RCT of supportive teeth fails and patient come back with pain in supporting tooth then whole FPD has to be removed and placed again.
5. If FPD is not fixed properly or some space is left while fitting then food lodgment continues and results in bad smell from mouth.
What are the steps to be taken care of after placing partial denture in mouth?
• Patient should maintain proper oral hygiene.
• Regular flossing is advisable.
• Patient should not bite hard from artificial teeth.
• Regular follow up checkups are recommended.
• Always put RPD in water after removing from mouth.
• Do not wash RPD with bleaching agent or detergent. Special cleansing agents are available to wash RPD.
What is complete denture?
When all the teeth are missing (edentulous) then complete denture is fabricated. Below are images of maxillary complete denture and mandibular complete denture. They vary in shape according to the shape of oral cavity.
How many teeth are present in complete denture?
Normally 28 teeth are present in Complete Denture, but sometimes we have to miss second premolar in case of small jaw size.
How much time is required to fabricate complete denture?
At least 1 week time is optimum for complete denture
Why dentist ask to carry old photo while adjusting teeth in Denture?
After having a look of old photograph Dentist gets an idea of the shape and setting of teeth. To minimize the patient compliance and to have a natural look old photograph is mandatory.
Can patient start immediately eating with complete denture?
First patient should start with liquids and then with soft food and then finally with normal daily routine food items. Surrounding soft tissues and tongue takes time to adjust with new thing in mouth. May be for few days patient find some speech problem as well. Once you oral cavity get use to denture then everything gets fine.
Can patient brush complete denture?
Yes, patient should daily brush the teeth of denture in a same way like his natural teeth. After every meal cleaning is mandatory. Special cleaning tablets are available which are used to remove satins from the denture.
Health Tips
Athlete Foot
» Take 10-15 drops of vinegar solution add it in a half bucket of water. Wash your toe fingers with this solution. This is an affective remedy for curing athlete foot.
» Tea tree oil has anti-germ properties and are very effective in the treatments of athlete foot.
» clean your feet in a mild solution of boric acid. It is an effective home remedy for athlete foot.
» Add 2-3 tablespoon of salt in half bucket of warm water and soak your feet in this solution. It removes germs and fungus between the toe.
Health Tips
Insomnia
» Drink one glass of milk add half tablespoon of honey before going to bed every day it helps in treating insomnia.
» Grind some fried cumin seeds to a fine powder and mix them with the pulp of a ripe banana. Eat this at night to treat insomnia. This is very effective home remedy for insomnia.
» Take one glass of milk with half tablespoon honey at night.This will help in curing insomnia
» Eat bottle-gourd vegetable as it cures insomnia. Rub your scalp everyday with sesame oil containing one tablespoon bottle gourd juice. This is another easy and effective home remedy for insomnia.
» Rub one tablespoon of curd on forehead. This will bring good sleep.
» Prepare a tea using one teaspoon honey, half tablespoon aniseed, and milk. Drink this herbal tea at night before going to sleep. This is very common natural remedy for curing insomnia.
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Diseases
Diseases » Respiratory System » Asthma » introduction
Introduction Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention statistics
Asthma is a chronic lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways. Asthma causes recurring periods of wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath and coughing. The coughing often occurs at night or early in the morning. They tend to react strongly to certain substances that are breathed in. As a result muscles around them tighten. This causes the airways to narrow, and less air flows to lungs. The swelling also can worsen, making the airways even narrower. Cells in the airways may make more mucus than normal. Mucus is a sticky, thick liquid that can further narrow airways.About 12 percent of children (< 18 years) and 8 percent of pregnant women have asthma.
Types:
• Allergic Asthma
• Intrinsic Asthma
• Exercise-Induced Asthma
• Nocturnal Asthma
• Occupational Asthma
• Steroid-Resistant Asthma
Diet » Health Articles » Importance of healthy breakfast
A healthy breakfast is necessary every day. Breakfast is a right way to start the day’s nutrition in right way. Eating regular and healthy breakfast maintains a healthy weight and improves overall health. But most of the people think that if they skip breakfast they can lose weight, but in fact it is not true. Breakfast means you are breaking the fast after a long night of sleep; eat breakfast like a king is what you should always remember. You should eat within an hour of getting up. If you skip your breakfast your body metabolism becomes slow. Higher energy levels are maintained if you eat breakfast. Glucose the sole source of energy for brain and the continuous supply of glucose is necessary to improve concentration and memory. If you skip the breakfast this may lead to poor memory and decreases the concentration, low blood sugar levels are maintained. While you skip your breakfast you may have high craving for the food you eat at lunch time and this may lead to weight gain. Instead of skipping its always better to eat in a smaller portion. It is good to include variety of foods in your breakfast. A healthy breakfast is that which contains variety of foods like cereals, fruits, milk and vegetables. It is always good to include complex carbohydrates or whole grains in your breakfast and this may give u satiety. Your healthy breakfast boosts your body metabolism. Many types of breakfast items are available according to the region. But a healthy breakfast is the meaning for what good foods we choose to maintain our health.
Diet » Health Articles » Prebiotics
Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients that remain in the digestive tract and stimulate the growth and/or activity of bacteria which are beneficial to the health of the body.
Prebiotics mostly come from carbohydrate fibers called oligosaccharides that cannot be easily digested other than by specific bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the gut. Sources of oligosaccharides include fruits, legumes, and whole grains.
Possible health benefits of prebiotics include:
Helps in Improved lactose tolerance
Improved absorption of calcium and magnesium
Enhances resistance to pathogens which results in decrease of gastrointestinal infections and respiratory infections
Amplifies bacterial synthesis of vitamins
Guards against allergies by reducing gut inflammation
Normalizing bowel function
Improving colitis
Reducing irritable bowel problems
Aiding calcium absorption
Boost the immune system
Prevents constipation and diarrhea.
Food Recipes
» Baked Methi Muthiya
Ingredients
1 pinch Pepper
1/4 tsp Red Chilli Powder
1/2 tsp Kasuri Methi
2 tbsp Oil
1 pinch Asafoetida (optional)
1/2 cup Besan Flour
1/2 cup Wheat Flour
1 tsp Salt
Preparation Time
Method
Pre heat the oven to 350 degree F.
Add all the ingredients (except oil) with little water.
Now add oil and knead it well.
Make equal small balls and flatten them with your palms.
Bake them until they turn crispy and golden brown in color.
Remove it from heat and enjoy it hot.
Diseases
Diseases » Psychiatry » Anorexia » introduction
Introduction Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention statistics
Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric illness leads to eating disorder characterized by extremely low body weight and body image distortion with an obsessive fear of gaining weight. Individuals with anorexia have extreme weight loss. Weight loss is usually 15% below the person's normal body weight.
The key factors associated with anorexia nervosa are:
• Refusal to sustain a minimally normal body weight
• Intense fear of gaining weight, despite being underweight
• Distorted view of one’s body or weight, or denial of the dangers of one’s low weight
Types:
Anorexia has been classified into two types include:
Restricting type: This is characterized by the patient adopting unhealthy habits, like fasting, to avoid weight gain.
Binge eating or Purging type: This type is characterized by the use of self-induced vomiting, or misuse of laxatives or diuretics to help in the prevention of weight gain
Treatment Procedures » Plasmapheresis
Plasmapheresis is the removal, treatment, and return of (components of) blood plasma from blood circulation. It is thus an extracorporeal therapy. The method can also be used to collect plasma for further manufacturing into a variety of medications.During plasmapheresis, blood is initially taken out of the body through a needle or previously implanted catheter. Plasma is then removed from the blood by a cell separator. Three procedures are commonly used to separate the plasma from the blood cells.
Wisdom Tooth Extraction
Wisdom tooth is always related to knowledge, our grandparents often says that when wisdom tooth comes it means that now the person has become wise. This is how it is related to wisdom and knowledge. No such studies and facts are present to prove this saying, apart from the fact that everyone knows this story. Wisdom tooth usually comes till the age of 17 years. Its eruption is the most painful phase of teething in one’s life. If jaw size is big and enough space is present to erupt then it is not painful otherwise it results in swelling and even need small surgery.
In some cases wisdom tooth comes on its appropriate place, but in some case it erupts in different angulations as shown in figure.
Mesial Impaction:- Impaction is the word given to condition when sufficient space is not available for the eruption of tooth as shown in figure .Wisdom tooth is hitting second molar and even causing gum infection in surrounding area.
In this case small surgery is required in which dentist has to give incision to extract wisdom tooth. After surgery sutures are placed to promote proper healing.
Distal Impaction: - In this case when tooth is placed distally, extraction has to be done very carefully. Little negligence can prove to make task difficult.
Vertical Impaction: - In this, tooth is placed vertically and space is not available for its eruption. During the extraction of vertically placed wisdom tooth dentist has to remove even bone.
Horizontal Impaction: - Extraction of horizontal impaction tooth is quite difficult as second molar lies close to wisdom tooth. Sometimes during extraction , second molar gets affected unintentionally.
Some precautionary measures after wisdom tooth extraction are as follows:-
Do not remove the cotton swab for at least half an hour.
Do not smoke after extraction for at least 3 days.
Do not miss any of the medication prescribed by the Doctor.
Do not use straw to sip drinks.
Do not spit frequently; try to swallow for at least 1 day.
Do not stretch your cheeks or prick finger in lesion.
Do not use vigorous brushing till the sutures are removed.
Take fluid diet for at least 2 days.
Do warm saline rinses twice daily for 3 days.
Keep mouth clean, use mouthwash so that plaque does not deposit on teeth.
Blackheads
» Take grapes pulp and apply it on blackhead affected area, let it dry for 15-20 minutes, and then wash your face with warm water
» Prepare a paste of lime juice and drumstick leaves, apply on black heads this is very useful for blackheads.
» Take 2-3 tablespoon yoghurt, oatmeal 1-2 tablespoon, olive oil and lemon juice 1 tablespoon each, and thoroughly mix the paste in a container or grinder. Apply the paste over affected area and let it dry, then wash your face using cold water. It is very effective in treating blackheads.
» Apply the cucumber paste on the affected area and let it dry, then wash your face using cold water. Cucumber is most effective on removing blackheads.
» Prepare a paste using vinegar and cornstarch and apply on blackhead affected area and let it dry for sometimes, then wash your face with warm water
» Add small quantity of sandalwood and rose water and prepare a sandalwood face pack. Apply this pack on blackheads affected area and let it dry, then wash your face with cold water. It will help to remove blackheads and will keep your skin cool.
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Health Articles » Nutrition facts of egg
Eggs are rich source of nutrients except vitamin C. One egg contains 6 grams of high-quality protein and all 9 essential amino acids. Egg protein has high biological value. It has biological value of 100. One medium size egg contains 214 mg of cholesterol. The cholesterol present in egg yolk may be harmful for diabetes, cardiovascular, obesity and diabetes. Phosphorus and iodine present in egg is essential for making thyroid hormones. Egg is a good source of glutamine. Raw egg is not good for health as raw egg contains avidin and it binds with biotin and makes the vitamin unavailable. Avidin is destroyed by cooking the egg. Egg is a good source of albumin. Egg fat is highly emulsified. Eggs are rich in vitamin B12. One large egg provides 75 kcals. Choline present in eggs is helpful in fetal brain development. Eggs are of immense benefit for eyes. According to one study, an egg per day may prevent macular degeneration due to its carotenoids contents specifically lutein and zeaxanthin. Lutein may lower risk of developing cataracts.
Diet Plans
calorie
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1400 Calorie - Diet Plan 1500 Calorie - Diet Plan
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Renal - Diet Plan
1200 Renal Kilocalories - Diet Plan 1400 Renal Kilocalories - Diet Plan
Heart Healthy - Diet Plan
1200 Kilocalories Heart Healthy - Diet Plan 1500 Kilocalories Heart Healthy - Diet Plan
Diabetic - Diet Plan
1200 Kilocalories Diabetic- Diet Plan 1500 Kilocalories Diabetic- Diet Plan 1
1500 Kilocalories Diabetic- Diet Plan 2
1800 Kilocalories Diabetic- Diet Plan 1 1800 Kilocalories Diabetic- Diet Plan 2
Diet Videos..
Diet » Health Articles » Food Additives
A food additive is defined as a substance or a mixture of substances, other than basic food stuff, which is present in food as a result of any aspect of production, processing, storage or packaging. Food additives are added in order to improve texture, flavor, color and appearance. Food additives are classified as antioxidants, Preservatives, Food colors, food Flavors, Emulsifiers and stabilizers, anti caking agents, acids, bases and buffers, sweeteners, enzymes, leavening agents, anti foaming agents.
Antioxidants: A substance when added to food prevents oxidative deterioration . Some of the anti oxidants added in different foods are gallic acid, resin guiace, citric acid, tartaric acid, octyl gallate, dodecyl gallate, propyl gallate, ethyl gallate, butytlated hydroxyanisole and tertiary butyl hydro quinone.
Preservatives: These are substances when added to food inhibit, retard or arrest the activity of microorganisms such as fermentation, acidification and decomposition of foods. Some of the preservatives are common salt, dextrose, honey, spices, sugar, vinegar, edible vegetable oils, glucose syrup, nisin, sodium diacetate, nitrates, nitrites, lactic acid, sorbic acid, acid calcium phosphate.
Food colours: These food colours are used to enhance colors that occur naturally but at levels weaker than usually associated with a given food. There are natural and synthetic food colours. The natural sources are turmeric, saffron, caramel, beta carotene. The artificial colours are Red, yellow, blue and green.
Flavorings agents: Flavorings agents add flavor to foods. There are natural and artificial flavours.
Emulsifying agents: Substances which are capable of facilitating a uniform dispersion of oils and fats in aqueous media.
Anticaking agents: Substances that pick up moisture without themselves becoming wet. These are added to products such as table salt and dry mixes to a maximum level of 2%.
Anti foaming agents: The anti foaming agents are added to retard decorative changes and foaming height during heating of edible oils and fats.
Buffering agents: These are agents used to counter acidic and alkaline changes during storage or processing of the food, thus improving the flavour and increasing the stability of foods.
Central nervous system and Brain » Narcolepsy
Narcolepsy is the chronic sleep disorder or dyssomnia (excessive daytime sleepiness). The indications for narcolepsy include:
• The person sees or hears things when they are seems to begin dreaming before they are fully asleep.
• The person has experienced sudden muscle weakness with laughter, anger, pleasurable events or other emotions.
• The person often dreams right away when they doze off or seem to dream intensely while they sleep.
• The person has experienced paralysis/ inability to move when awakening or when dozing off.
Calculators
Body Fat Percentage
Body fat is produced in the body through the absorption of fats present in the food consumed. Although excess body fat content can have severe problems, the body requires a specific content of body fat for various metabolic and structural functions. This calculator demonstrates your body fat percentage.
Body Fat Percentage
Weight Pounds Kgs
Age years
Sex Male Female
Waist Inches
Results
Body Fat
Fat Level Men(% fat) Women(% fat)
Essential Fat Only 7-10% 14-17%
Athletic 10-13% 17-20%
Fit 13-17% 20-27%
Acceptable 17-25% 27-31%
Obese 25% and higher 32% and higher
Men - measure at the navel
Women - measure halfway between navel and sternum
Yellow Discoloration in Teeth
Yellow discoloration in teeth can be due to many reasons. Discoloration since birth cannot be cured by any of the dental treatment. Discoloration can be Extrinsic (outside) and Intrinsic (inside) depending upon the fatcors involved.
Dental
Oral Piercing
What is Oral Piercing?
Oral piercing or tongue piercing or lip piercing is very common in western countries and it is a trend among the youngsters.
Is oral piercing safe?
No, oral piercing is not at all safe procedure. It can lead to many complications which can be proving harmful for dental health.
What are the complications associated with oral piercing?
Following are the risks associated with Oral piercing:
• Infection: Infection is the foremost complication of oral piercing. Infection in oral cavity can also lead to many health related problems. Ornament or jewelry in mouth does not allow proper brushing and cleaning of mouth.
• Bleeding: Sometimes piercing leads to continuous bleeding which can take even months to heal. If piercing is done by some inexperienced professional it can result in nerve damage.
• Tooth wear: Tooth wear is most common in oral piercing. jewelry pierced also disrupts speech which can be temporary or permanent depending upon the location and method of piercing.
• Choking Hazards: If tongue or lip piercing is not done done properly, it can lead to choking hazards.
Diet » Fitness and Exercises » Benefits of Exercise
• Regular exercise prevents back pain.
• Helps to maintain bones, muscles and joints healthy.
• Reduces risk of diseases such as cardiovascular, blood pressure, diabetes and cancer.
• Helps in controlling weight.
• Improves metabolism.
• Relieves from stress.
• Reduces feeling of depression and anxiety.
• Exercise improves function of immune system.
• Exercise improves blood and oxygen circulation for all vital organs.
• Exercise slows down ageing.
• Exercise increase insulin sensitivity and prevents diabetes.
• Exercise will help you to sleep well.
• Exercise improve mood and due to the chemicals it releases in the brain called endorphins, it gives you an overall feeling of well being.
Diet » Health Articles » Nutrition facts of Apple
We're told that an apple a day keeps the doctor away due to its nutritional facts. An apple is composed of 80 to 85% water, 5% protein and 10 to 15% carbohydrates. Apple contains more antioxidants. Apple contains soluble fiber known as pectin which helps in proper digestion process. The dietary fiber present in apple also helps in reducing the bad cholesterol. Apple is rich in Vitamin A and vitamin C. The sugars present in apple are easily absorbed by the body. Apple contains minerals such as calcium, iron, magnesium, copper, potassium and phosphorus in small quantities. Flavonoids present in apples help to prevent prostate cancer. The quercetin in apples may protect brain cells from the kind of free radical damage that may lead to Alzheimer's disease. Apples protect post-menopausal women from osteoporosis and may also increase bone density. Boron, another ingredient in apples, also strengthens bones.
Diseases
Diseases » Cardiovascular » Atherosclerosis » introduction
Introduction Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention statistics
Atherosclerosis (Arteriosclerotic Vascular Disease) is a condition in which wall of artery thickens due to build up off fatty materials like cholesterol, calcium and other waste products called plaque. Formation of these plaques results in the reduction of blood flow through an artery. These plaques become fragile and sometimes rupture to form blood clot and leads to damage to artery. Then blood clots formed results in obstruction of blood flow off and travel to another part of the body. If this happens to heart it leads to heart attack and if it happens to brain it leads to stroke.
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Dental
Home Remedies
Home remedies for Teeth whitening:
• Strawberry paste is known for its teeth whitening effect. It has enzymes, which makes teeth bright and shiny. Crush some strawberries and make paste out of it, then apply this paste on toothbrush and brush your teeth. But after brushing with strawberry paste, brush your teeth with normal toothpaste. Continuous use of strawberries makes teeth look white and bright.
• Soda bicarbonate is another whitening agent which is known for its bleaching properties. It is easily available in every kitchen; apply it on the toothbrush to remove stains. Prolonged use of soda bicarbonate makes teeth white.
• Lemon is also used for teeth whitening. Rubbing lemon peel on teeth removes stain ,but prolonged used can even makes teeth sensitive because of citric acid.
• Eating apple regularly removes yellow satins from teeth.
Home remedies for tooth ache:
• Ice pack is an excellent remedy for suppressing pain. Pack ice cube in some cotton cloth and then apply on affected tooth, it will take few minutes to calm down.
• Clove has analgesic properties. Apply clove oil or place clove near the affected tooth to reduce pain.
• Oregano has antibiotic properties. Apply oregano oil on the affected tooth to drain abscess. Hence after it will reduce pain.
• Pour few drops of vanilla extract on the tooth, in few minutes pain will reduce.
• Take pinch of turmeric powder and mix it with mustard oil, it acts as excellent remedy for toothache. This paste you can apply twice a week to reduce caries and other teeth problems.
Home remedies for Gum diseases:
• Vitamin C is effective in curing gum disease. Include oranges and Amla in your diet to get rid of Gingivitis. If condition is severe then take vitamin C tablets after the prescription of doctor.
• Gum massage with gum paints or gum oil increase the blood flow and helps in curing gum diseases.
• Warm saline rinses twice a day is effective in removing bacteria present in mouth.
Dental
Root Canal Treatment (RCT)
Root canal treatment is a method to clean roots by gaining access from the tooth with the help of Dental instruments and specific equipments. When the carious lesion reaches pulp (where all blood vessels are present), then the only option left is RCT. Sometimes carious lesion even extend from root to apex (where root ends), then extraction is advisable as RCT will have poor prognosis in this case.
Time taken or sittings involved during RCT depends upon the extent of infection in tooth.
Steps involved in RCT are as follows:
Gaining Access to Root canals: Access from the surface of the tooth(crown) is gained with the help of Drilling instrument . Normally there are 3 canals in molars, 2 canals in premolars and 1 canal in Incisors and canine. Number of root canals can vary in tooth from person to person, it is never fixed.
Cleaning and Shaping of Root canals: Once the access is gained, then with the help of instrument known as files as shown in figure, Canals are cleaned. To avoid friction and proper cleaning disinfectant solution known as sodium hypochlorite is used. It removes all the debris and infection from the canals and makes them sterile. It usually takes 2 sittings, but if infection is less than it can be completed in 1 sitting also. After the thorough cleaning, temporary filling is placed in tooth and patient is asked to come after 2 days.
Filling of Root canals: Once the canals are cleaned, and then canals are properly dried with the help of paper points and filled. Canals are filled tightly with Gutta percha points (GP points). After filling of root canals, Permanent filling is placed in tooth; normally permanent filling does not last long. Always Crown is mandatory after RCT as tooth becomes weak from inside. To avoid further fracture of tooth, crown is mandatory.
Some frequently asked questions regarding RCT:
Is RCT Painful ?
No, RCT is not painful. Before starting the procedure dentist always anaesthetize the tooth to make it convenient for patient and as well as for Doctor.
Is RCT Safe ?
Yes, RCT is safe. When carious lesion reaches deep inside the tooth then RCT is only option to save the toth.
How many sittings are normally involved in RCT ?
If tooth is not infected then RCT can even be completed in single sitting. But, if infection is more then it normally takes 3 sittings and even more depends on the extent of infection.
Can Pregnant Women Undergo RCT ?
No, It is not at all recommended. RCT should be postponed until the birth of baby.
Is Crown Mandatory after RCT ?
Yes, Crown is mandatory after RCT to make tooth stronger and last longer. Without crown tooth can fracture anytime and after fracture, Extraction is the only option.
Does Pain Exists After RCT ?
If through cleaning and infection is removed during procedure then pain vanishes. But, if cleaning and filling of root canal is not done properly by the Dentist then surely patient will complain of pain again and again.
How Many X-Rays Are Involved In RCT ?
Normally one X-Ray before starting the procedure and one at the end of the procedure. It depends upon the Dentist, as he is a better judge of the condition involved during the procedure.
Do All Carious Tooth Need RCT ?
No, only the tooth in which carious lesion extends deep inside the pulp need RCT. Otherwise, fillings can be done to save the tooth.
Why Root Canal Treated Tooth Is Known As Dead Tooth ?
In Root canal procedure, Pulp(where blood supply of tooth is present) is removed and canals are cleaned properly. Main indication of RCT is when carious lesion reaches pulp and infects that area, then to relieve patient from pain it is removed. Tooth will no doubt remain in its position only the difference comes is it becomes non - sensitive, for this reason it is known as dead tooth.
Food Recipes
» Fafda
Ingredients
2 cups Besan
1/4 tsp Baking Soda
1/4 tsp Ajwain
1/4 tsp Turmeric Powder
1 tbsp Oil
1/2 tsp Salt
Preparation Time
Method
Mix the besan, soda, ajwain, haldi, oil (1 tbsp) and salt together in a bowl. Add water to it and knead into soft dough.
Take a portion of the dough and place it on a greased surface.
With base of your palm, flatten the dough and then, cut out 2" strips from it.
Fry these strips over medium heat until crisp. Let them cool.
Fafda is ready to eat. Serve with spicy chutney.
Diet » Nutrition Management » Nutrition and GERD
GERD is a condition in which during digestion process, acid from stomach flows backward up into esophagus. Heart burn may occur if excessive amounts of acid reflux enter esophagus. Gerd in later stage if left untreated it may cause damage to esophagus. You should be careful in choosing foods while suffering with gerd as some foods may aggravate acid reflux or some foods may irritate inflamed lower esophagus.
Dietary guidelines:
Eat small frequent meals.
Less than 300 mg of cholesterol a day.
Intake of sodium should not be more than 2400mg.
Avoid eating large meals before sleeping.
Avoid smoking and drinking alcohol.
Foods to avoid in GERD:
Spicy foods
Fried foods
High fat foods
Pepper
Vinegar
Mustard
Citrus fruits and juices
Coffee
Sot drinks
Peppermint
Carbonated beverages
Tomatoes
Whole milk
Sausage
Bacon
Choclates
Sweets
Foods to eat:
Fruits: Apples, pears, Bananas, watermelon
Milk : low fat milk and low fat milk products
Fats: very low amount of fats can be used
Soups: fat free or low fat soups
Lean meats
Diet » Health Articles » Coffee and its effects on health
Coffee is relatively safe it has no adverse health effects on most of the population. Depending of the strength of coffee it may contain 20 to 100 mg caffeine. Because of its stimulating effect some people avoid coffee. Coffee has stimulating effects on the central nervous system, heart which are due to caffeine. Coffee helps in some functional disorders which are caused due to lack of dopamine, as coffee is able to increase the dopamine formation in brain. During the coffee bean roasting process vitamin Niacin is formed in greater amounts from trigonelline, in deficiency of niacin coffee may be good. Trigonelline in coffee has anti-adhesive and antibacterial properties, which helps prevent cavities.
But too much caffeine should not be good for health. Too much coffee increases the production of stomach acid.
Glamour
Laser Hair Removal
Unwanted hair is a common problem in both men and women. Waxing and shaving etc are only the temporary solution to removing of the unwanted hair. Laser hair removal is procedure involving the removal of unwanted body hair permanently.
Laser hair removal technique can be used for permanent removal or to treat small or large areas of unwanted hair from the body surface.
Laser hair removal works by passing a beam of light through the skin. The wavelength of the beam used for the treatment is in the range of 670-890 nanometers. The treatment includes wearing protective eyewear. Usually for the best results, more than one sitting is required as the hair is best removed when it is in active growth phase.
It targets the hair follicle (from where the hair grows), which eventually gets destroyed instantly due to the intense hot beam. Laser treatment for hair removal can be used eventually on all parts of the body including
• Face
• Legs
• Bikini area
• Back
• Pubic area.
Laser hair removal methods are perhaps the best getting rid of the unwanted hair permanently. Some of the advantages associated with it are:
• Laser hair removal techniques are not painful as compared to waxing and tweezing. Users have compared the process as mild tingling sensation.
• Unlike other contemporary methods of hair removal, laser hair removal is less time consuming. However the hair removing process depends upon the area of the body part used for removal.
• Laser hair removal has few side effects like irritation etc., as compared to waxing or other similar procedures.
• The effects of laser hair removal are long lasting as compared to shaving, waxing, etc. which have to be repeated every week.
• Laser hair removal treatment does not require any medications, treatments or follow ups. The user does not require going to the hospital either.
Disadvantages involved with laser hair removal are:
• Laser hair removal treatment is very expensive.
• It is not beneficial for red, blonde or gray hair.
• It must be very cautiously removed on darker skin tones or on consumers who tan themselves.
• Laser hair removal is not perfect in case of consumers who are suffering from diabetes, skin disorders or infection disorders.
Knowledge Base
Common Tests Surgical Procedures Treatment Procedures Drug List
Treatment Procedures » Hemofiltration
In medicine, hemofiltration, also haemofiltration, is a renal replacement therapy similar to hemodialysis which is used almost exclusively in the intensive care setting. Thus, it is almost always used for acute renal failure. It is a slow continuous therapy in which sessions usually last between 12 to 24 hours and are usually performed daily. During hemofiltration, a patient's blood is passed through a set of tubing (a filtration circuit) via a machine to a semipermeable membrane (the filter) where waste products and water are removed. Replacement fluid is added and the blood is returned to the patient.
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Diet
Diet » Health Articles » Importance of calcium rich foods
Calcium is needed for growth and bone development. Deficiency of calcium leads to osteoporosis. Osteoporosis makes the bones thin. It is more common in women. More calcium is required during pregnancy, lactation. Even children and elderly require more amounts of calcium. Milk, curd, nuts, milk products, green leafy vegetables and ragi are some of the sources of calcium. Doing exercise reduces calcium loss from bones.
Diet Plans
calorie
1000 Calorie - Diet Plan 1200 Calorie - Diet Plan
1400 Calorie - Diet Plan 1500 Calorie - Diet Plan
1800 Calorie - Diet Plan
Renal - Diet Plan
1200 Renal Kilocalories - Diet Plan 1400 Renal Kilocalories - Diet Plan
Heart Healthy - Diet Plan
1200 Kilocalories Heart Healthy - Diet Plan 1500 Kilocalories Heart Healthy - Diet Plan
Diabetic - Diet Plan
1200 Kilocalories Diabetic- Diet Plan 1500 Kilocalories Diabetic- Diet Plan 1
1500 Kilocalories Diabetic- Diet Plan 2
1800 Kilocalories Diabetic- Diet Plan 1 1800 Kilocalories Diabetic- Diet Plan 2
Stem Cell Facial
Stem Cell Skin facial Therapy uses cells taken from pregnant cows in the eighth month of pregnancy. The cells are drawn in such a way neither the cow nor the calf is harmed, and the cow's body replaces the drawn fluid in few hours. In lab the cells are purified and sterilized serum is stored in bottles. At a medical spa licensed clinicians, under the supervision of a medical expert treat facial skin with the stem cell mixture under sterile conditions. The workers are advised to use sterile gloves and masks to maintain aseptic condition and using a pipette it is transferred to the face. The liquid containing the stem cells is spread over the face until it is absorbed, and then a spray is applied often to keep the liquid in place until it can be absorbed into the upper layers of skin. Stem Cell Skin Therapy can be used in two ways: to firm or to hydrate. If a patient has deep creases, hydrating first so that the cells will better hold the stem cell solution for later tightening and firming. The effects of the treatment peak about six days following the application.
Eye care tips
Eye is a very delicate part of our body. Eyes are our first connection to the external world. Eye being delicate part need to be taken care of, you need to remember that your eye will also age with you and if not taken care of properly it may lead to eye problems. Here are certain tips to cool down your strained eye.
• Take rose water and add 2 drops of castor oil to it. Soak a small cotton pad in this and place it in your eye for 15 min, this will help soothe down eye burns.
• Dip cotton pads soaked in cold tea solution for 60 mins, and then place them in your eyelids for 20 mins. This will help your eyes to cool down.
• If your work involves looking on the computer monitor for a long time, then make sure you blink several times, and at frequent interval of 2-3 min, look away from computer screen. This will help better focus.
• Simplest method is to rub your palms together and then place it on your eyelids, this will soothe the eye.
• Make sure you have an anti-glare screen fixed in your monitor screen to reduce the strain to eyes.
• Dark circles can be one method for your eyes to tell you that it is tired, place a piece of cucumber on your eyelids for 20 mins, this will help cool down your eyes.
• For puffy eyes, you can use used tea bags after cooling it. Place this on your eyes this will reduce puffiness.
• Visit an ophthalmologist at least once in a year, it can’t cost you much.
• While driving bike, make sure you wear a sunglass, this will protect eye from sun and also dust.
• Don’t rub your eyes, even if there is some irritation splash plenty of water into your eyes, rubbing will further strain your eyes.
Eye care tips
Eye is a very delicate part of our body. Eyes are our first connection to the external world. Eye being delicate part need to be taken care of, you need to remember that your eye will also age with you and if not taken care of properly it may lead to eye problems. Here are certain tips to cool down your strained eye.
• Take rose water and add 2 drops of castor oil to it. Soak a small cotton pad in this and place it in your eye for 15 min, this will help soothe down eye burns.
• Dip cotton pads soaked in cold tea solution for 60 mins, and then place them in your eyelids for 20 mins. This will help your eyes to cool down.
• If your work involves looking on the computer monitor for a long time, then make sure you blink several times, and at frequent interval of 2-3 min, look away from computer screen. This will help better focus.
• Simplest method is to rub your palms together and then place it on your eyelids, this will soothe the eye.
• Make sure you have an anti-glare screen fixed in your monitor screen to reduce the strain to eyes.
• Dark circles can be one method for your eyes to tell you that it is tired, place a piece of cucumber on your eyelids for 20 mins, this will help cool down your eyes.
• For puffy eyes, you can use used tea bags after cooling it. Place this on your eyes this will reduce puffiness.
• Visit an ophthalmologist at least once in a year, it can’t cost you much.
• While driving bike, make sure you wear a sunglass, this will protect eye from sun and also dust.
• Don’t rub your eyes, even if there is some irritation splash plenty of water into your eyes, rubbing will further strain your eyes.
Artificial sweeteners are low calorie substances used as sweeteners to replace sugar and other caloric sweeteners. Many kinds of artificial sweeteners are available saccharin, cyclamate, aspartame, alitame, neotame, acesulfame-K, sucralose and Stevia.
Saccharin is a synthetic, white crystalline powder; benzoic sulfinide has effectively no food energy and is much sweeter than sucrose. It is 350 times sweeter than sugar, but has an unpleasant bitter aftertaste. It is not easily digested by the body. Trade name is symcal. Used in soft drinks, chewing gums, jams, jellies, sauces, gelatin and salad dressings. Commercially available in three forms as a sodium salt, as a calcium salt and in the acid form.
Cyclamate is the sodium or calcium salt of cyclamic acid. It is 30–50 times sweeter than sugar. Available in three forms cyclamic acid, calcium cyclamate and sodium cyclamate. It is not suitable for diabetes. Used in caramels, chewing gums and hard candies.
Aspartame is the methyl ester of a phenylalanine/aspartic acid dipeptide. It is 200 times sweeter than sugar and 70 percent of all aspartame is used in sodas. It has flavour enhancing properties. When taken in less it is metabolized. Trade name is neutral sweet. Used for carbonated beverages, puddings, frozen fruit, juice, RTE products.
Alitame is similar to Aspartame in that it is made from amino acids, namely L-aspartic acid and D-alanine. It is 2000 times sweeter than sucrose.
Neotame is a white crystalline powder manufactured from two amino acids, phenylalanine and aspartic acid. It is 7,000 to 13,000 times sweeter than sugar, so very little of it is needed to sweeten foods.
Acesulfame-K is 200 times sweeter than sugar and the body can't break it down, so it's excreted from the body unchanged. It is freely soluble in water. It is not metabolized in the body. Used for imitation dairy products, pickles, beverages, marinated fish etc.
Sucralose is similar in structure to regular sugar and contains maltodextrin and it is 600 times sweeter than sugar. Your body absorbs very little of this artificial sweetener. No after taste. It can be used in all products.
Stevia is made from rebaudioside A, one of the components of the Stevia rebaudiana. It is 250 times sweeter than sugar. Many people who want to avoid sugar and calories use stevia in the form of a non-nutritive sweetener or as an extract.
Aspartin It provides same number of calories as sugar but the quantity is small, so calories added are less by giving less quantity.
Sugar alcohols
Manitol: Manitol is converted into fructose. It is not metabolized and provides 2 kcals / Gm. It has laxative effect, when consumed in large quantity. It is less desirable in diabetic patients. Used in hard candies, cough drops chewing gums, jams and jellies.
Sorbitol: It is a common sweetener. In liver it is converted into fructose, it is metabolized independently of insulin. Used in chewing gums, cough drops, jellies, baked products, baking mixes, frozen dairy desserts.
Xylitol: Present in many fruits and vegetables. Metabolized directly in liver or indirectly by fermentation of bacteria in intestine. It is as sweet as sucrose.
Maltitol: Produced by hydrogenation of maltose. Enzymatic hydrolysis of corn starch.
Food Recipes
» Achari Mutton
Ingredients
Mutton – 800 gms
Cloves - 5
Chopped Coriander leaves – ½ cup
Onion seeds – 1 tsp
Mustard oil - 7
tbspFenugreek seeds – ½ tsp
Chopped Ginger – 2 tbsp
Fennel seeds – 1 tsp
Chopped Garlic – 1 tbsp
Cumin seeds – ½ tsp
Mustard seeds – 1 tsp
Turmeric powder – 1 tsp
Onions, medium - 4
Red chilies, whole - 8
Salt to taste
Red chili powder – 1 tsp
Tomato medium Sized- 4
Preparation Time
45 minutes
Method
Wash and cut the mutton into small pieces.
Cut the onions and tomatoes.
Roast the whole spices separately and grind everything coarsely.
Heat the oil in a thick-bottomed pot to smoking point, cool and again heat up the oil and fry the onions till brown.
Add the chopped ginger-garlic.
Then add coarsely ground masala powder.
Stir-fry for half a minute, stirring all the time.
Now add mutton, stir fry on high flame heat up till mutton pieces are well browned.
Add the tomatoes, turmeric powder, red chili powder and salt and mix well.
Stir-fry till oil leaves the masala.
Mix in sufficient quantity of water (about 21/2 cups), bring it to a boil and cover.
Stir-fry till the mutton is fully done.
Adjust the flavor and serve hot decorated with coriander leaves.
Baby Care Basics
Good baby care begins with the way the newborn is held. Support should be provided at the back and head with your arm and hand. Touch your baby often. Use skin-to-skin contact and hold your baby close to you.
Some of the fundamental baby care basics have been discussed underneath:
• Cord Care-
Many parents wonder when the umbilical cord stump will fall off. The cord stump should fall off within one to three weeks after birth. At each diaper change, clean the cord with alcohol.
• Crying-
Crying is a baby's means of communication. Babies cry when they have to burp or are wet, soiled, tired, bored, or just lonely. As time goes by, a mother learns what her baby's crying means. If feeding cues accompany crying, it's usually a sign of hunger. You will not spoil your baby by responding promptly to crying. Your baby only cries if he or she needs something. When you satisfy his or her needs, your baby is learning to trust people and begins to know that someone cares for him or her. After taking care of physical needs, there are many things you can do to calm a crying baby. Try holding your baby over your shoulder, or place your baby on his or her stomach across your knees or arms. But these should be avoided when the baby have has been fed immediately. If breastfeeding, you should try to avoid the use of a pacifier until breastfeeding is well established (usually by three to four weeks).
• Sleeping-
Most newborn babies sleep more than they do anything else. Babies develop their own sleeping pattern. It is normal for a tiny baby to sleep 16 to 20 hours a day. Take advantage of your baby's sleep periods to get the rest that you need. During sleep, your baby may make sucking motions, whimper, smile, or move his or her eyes. It is recommended that all healthy full-term infants sleep on their backs to reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).
• Nail Care-
During the first days of life, the baby’s nails may be long and adhered to the skin high on the nail. Trim nails frequently with blunt edged small scissors or file with an emery board to prevent scratching. Cut nails straight across. Utmost care should be taken not to injure the baby while cutting or trimming his or her nail.
• Bathing-
Provide sponge bathe for your baby until the cord falls off. After this, tub baths may be given. Bathing every one to two days is all that is necessary. Shampooing hair two to three times a week is adequate. Bathing can be done any time of day. It should, however, be given before a feeding or at least one hour after feeding. Gather baby equipment before you begin. The bath can be given in a basin, a small tub, or kitchen sink. Never leave your baby unattended during the bath. If you have forgotten something, bring the baby with you! Be sure to test the water temperature with the inside of your wrist to make sure that the water is not too hot! Use a mild soap sparingly, but not on baby's face. Lotions and oils are unnecessary. Always support the baby's head and neck and keep a good grip on baby while bathing. Babies can get very slippery. Wash the baby from head down leaving the diaper area to last. Don't leave any soap on baby. Clean the outside of the baby's ear with a washcloth around one of your fingers. Cotton tip swabs should not be used in the nose or ears.
• Diapering-
Diapering is probably the most dreaded of all baby care activities. Diapers should be changed when wet or soiled. Disposable cotton diapers are the best the baby and this also saves the mother from unwanted diaper-changing activities like washing etc.
One should be prepared with all diapering supplies like a couple of diapers, wipes, ointment, etc., before starting to change the diaper. Choose a specific flat and secure area for the diaper change of the baby. This can be a changing table or changing pad. Be sure to use the strap for baby's safety. Never leave baby unattended while changing him or her. Unfasten the old diaper, but don't pull it out from under the baby yet. This allows for some margin of safety in case the cold air inspires baby to let go.
Grasp the baby's ankles and gently lift their bottom up and begin to wash their bottom with the wipes. If the area is heavily soiled you can use the front part of the old diaper to remove part of the mess. As you finish with each wipe, gently place in under the baby (clean side up) for easier clean up. When the baby's skin is clean pull the diaper and wipes out from under baby and set it aside.
Place the new, clean diaper under baby and secure the fasteners. If your still have a newborn, you might need to fold down the top of the diaper to make room from the umbilical cord. Don't be afraid to pull the diaper on snuggly.
After putting baby's clothes back on, take the old diaper and use the fasteners to make it into a small ball, criss-crossing the fasteners. Place it in the diaper pail or trash. Wash your hands properly after changing the diaper each time.
Baby Care Basics
Good baby care begins with the way the newborn is held. Support should be provided at the back and head with your arm and hand. Touch your baby often. Use skin-to-skin contact and hold your baby close to you.
Some of the fundamental baby care basics have been discussed underneath:
• Cord Care-
Many parents wonder when the umbilical cord stump will fall off. The cord stump should fall off within one to three weeks after birth. At each diaper change, clean the cord with alcohol.
• Crying-
Crying is a baby's means of communication. Babies cry when they have to burp or are wet, soiled, tired, bored, or just lonely. As time goes by, a mother learns what her baby's crying means. If feeding cues accompany crying, it's usually a sign of hunger. You will not spoil your baby by responding promptly to crying. Your baby only cries if he or she needs something. When you satisfy his or her needs, your baby is learning to trust people and begins to know that someone cares for him or her. After taking care of physical needs, there are many things you can do to calm a crying baby. Try holding your baby over your shoulder, or place your baby on his or her stomach across your knees or arms. But these should be avoided when the baby have has been fed immediately. If breastfeeding, you should try to avoid the use of a pacifier until breastfeeding is well established (usually by three to four weeks).
• Sleeping-
Most newborn babies sleep more than they do anything else. Babies develop their own sleeping pattern. It is normal for a tiny baby to sleep 16 to 20 hours a day. Take advantage of your baby's sleep periods to get the rest that you need. During sleep, your baby may make sucking motions, whimper, smile, or move his or her eyes. It is recommended that all healthy full-term infants sleep on their backs to reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).
• Nail Care-
During the first days of life, the baby’s nails may be long and adhered to the skin high on the nail. Trim nails frequently with blunt edged small scissors or file with an emery board to prevent scratching. Cut nails straight across. Utmost care should be taken not to injure the baby while cutting or trimming his or her nail.
• Bathing-
Provide sponge bathe for your baby until the cord falls off. After this, tub baths may be given. Bathing every one to two days is all that is necessary. Shampooing hair two to three times a week is adequate. Bathing can be done any time of day. It should, however, be given before a feeding or at least one hour after feeding. Gather baby equipment before you begin. The bath can be given in a basin, a small tub, or kitchen sink. Never leave your baby unattended during the bath. If you have forgotten something, bring the baby with you! Be sure to test the water temperature with the inside of your wrist to make sure that the water is not too hot! Use a mild soap sparingly, but not on baby's face. Lotions and oils are unnecessary. Always support the baby's head and neck and keep a good grip on baby while bathing. Babies can get very slippery. Wash the baby from head down leaving the diaper area to last. Don't leave any soap on baby. Clean the outside of the baby's ear with a washcloth around one of your fingers. Cotton tip swabs should not be used in the nose or ears.
• Diapering-
Diapering is probably the most dreaded of all baby care activities. Diapers should be changed when wet or soiled. Disposable cotton diapers are the best the baby and this also saves the mother from unwanted diaper-changing activities like washing etc.
One should be prepared with all diapering supplies like a couple of diapers, wipes, ointment, etc., before starting to change the diaper. Choose a specific flat and secure area for the diaper change of the baby. This can be a changing table or changing pad. Be sure to use the strap for baby's safety. Never leave baby unattended while changing him or her. Unfasten the old diaper, but don't pull it out from under the baby yet. This allows for some margin of safety in case the cold air inspires baby to let go.
Grasp the baby's ankles and gently lift their bottom up and begin to wash their bottom with the wipes. If the area is heavily soiled you can use the front part of the old diaper to remove part of the mess. As you finish with each wipe, gently place in under the baby (clean side up) for easier clean up. When the baby's skin is clean pull the diaper and wipes out from under baby and set it aside.
Place the new, clean diaper under baby and secure the fasteners. If your still have a newborn, you might need to fold down the top of the diaper to make room from the umbilical cord. Don't be afraid to pull the diaper on snuggly.
After putting baby's clothes back on, take the old diaper and use the fasteners to make it into a small ball, criss-crossing the fasteners. Place it in the diaper pail or trash. Wash your hands properly after changing the diaper each time.
Glamour
Ways of applying eye make up
Here are the steps you can follow to get absolutely attractive eyes.
• Use concealer and cover the under eye circles. Apply concealer as dots under eye and staring at the inner corner toward the outer part, pat it until this disappears.
• Now apply an eye base that matches your skin complexion better.
• Now apply eye shadow. Take a lighter, medium and a dark shade that is close to your natural complexion. Apply the lighter shade and slowly spread it from the lids to the brow. And then do the same with remaining shade.
• Now use the eyeliner. Line it close to the upper lashes.
• Curl lashes suing a metal eye lash curler.
• Then apply mascara using the mascara wand with a wriggling movement.
Dental
Dentures
What are Dentures?
Dentures are the artificial prosthesis which is the substitute of missing teeth. Dentures take support of surrounding soft tissues and teeth to stabilize in oral cavity.
How many types of dentures are there?
There are two types of dentures:
• Partial dentures
• Complete dentures
What are partial Dentures?
When some teeth are present and few are missing then Partial denture is fabricated.
How many types of partial dentures are present?
Partial dentures are of two types:
• Removable partial denture(RPD)
• Fixed Partial Denture(FPD)
What are the advantages of Removable partial denture?
1. Removable partial denture can be easily removed by patient and can easily be cleaned.
2. It is less expensive
3. Removable partial dentures are fully tooth supported and helps in normal chewing.
What are the disadvantages of Removable partial denture?
1. Since removable partial denture are fully tooth supported, sometimes cause injury to tooth supported gums.
2. If patient does not maintain proper oral hygiene, RPD can be harmful for other remaining natural teeth.
3. Due to removing RPD again and again it sometimes becomes loose.
What are the advantages of fixed partial denture?
1. These dentures are attached to natural teeth, roots or implants and cannot be removed by patient.
2. FPD has high retention as compared to removable partial denture.
3. Patient feels FPD like his natural teeth. Hence less compliance factor.
What are the disadvantages of FPD?
1. It is expensive procedure.
2. More time consuming and regular checkups are advisable.
3. If patient’s supportive teeth are not strong enough to bear forces offered by FPD, then it has poor prognosis.
4. If RCT of supportive teeth fails and patient come back with pain in supporting tooth then whole FPD has to be removed and placed again.
5. If FPD is not fixed properly or some space is left while fitting then food lodgment continues and results in bad smell from mouth.
What are the steps to be taken care of after placing partial denture in mouth?
• Patient should maintain proper oral hygiene.
• Regular flossing is advisable.
• Patient should not bite hard from artificial teeth.
• Regular follow up checkups are recommended.
• Always put RPD in water after removing from mouth.
• Do not wash RPD with bleaching agent or detergent. Special cleansing agents are available to wash RPD.
What is complete denture?
When all the teeth are missing (edentulous) then complete denture is fabricated. Below are images of maxillary complete denture and mandibular complete denture. They vary in shape according to the shape of oral cavity.
How many teeth are present in complete denture?
Normally 28 teeth are present in Complete Denture, but sometimes we have to miss second premolar in case of small jaw size.
How much time is required to fabricate complete denture?
At least 1 week time is optimum for complete denture
Why dentist ask to carry old photo while adjusting teeth in Denture?
After having a look of old photograph Dentist gets an idea of the shape and setting of teeth. To minimize the patient compliance and to have a natural look old photograph is mandatory.
Can patient start immediately eating with complete denture?
First patient should start with liquids and then with soft food and then finally with normal daily routine food items. Surrounding soft tissues and tongue takes time to adjust with new thing in mouth. May be for few days patient find some speech problem as well. Once you oral cavity get use to denture then everything gets fine.
Can patient brush complete denture?
Yes, patient should daily brush the teeth of denture in a same way like his natural teeth. After every meal cleaning is mandatory. Special cleaning tablets are available which are used to remove satins from the denture.
Health Tips
Athlete Foot
» Take 10-15 drops of vinegar solution add it in a half bucket of water. Wash your toe fingers with this solution. This is an affective remedy for curing athlete foot.
» Tea tree oil has anti-germ properties and are very effective in the treatments of athlete foot.
» clean your feet in a mild solution of boric acid. It is an effective home remedy for athlete foot.
» Add 2-3 tablespoon of salt in half bucket of warm water and soak your feet in this solution. It removes germs and fungus between the toe.
Health Tips
Insomnia
» Drink one glass of milk add half tablespoon of honey before going to bed every day it helps in treating insomnia.
» Grind some fried cumin seeds to a fine powder and mix them with the pulp of a ripe banana. Eat this at night to treat insomnia. This is very effective home remedy for insomnia.
» Take one glass of milk with half tablespoon honey at night.This will help in curing insomnia
» Eat bottle-gourd vegetable as it cures insomnia. Rub your scalp everyday with sesame oil containing one tablespoon bottle gourd juice. This is another easy and effective home remedy for insomnia.
» Rub one tablespoon of curd on forehead. This will bring good sleep.
» Prepare a tea using one teaspoon honey, half tablespoon aniseed, and milk. Drink this herbal tea at night before going to sleep. This is very common natural remedy for curing insomnia.
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Diseases
Diseases » Respiratory System » Asthma » introduction
Introduction Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention statistics
Asthma is a chronic lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways. Asthma causes recurring periods of wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath and coughing. The coughing often occurs at night or early in the morning. They tend to react strongly to certain substances that are breathed in. As a result muscles around them tighten. This causes the airways to narrow, and less air flows to lungs. The swelling also can worsen, making the airways even narrower. Cells in the airways may make more mucus than normal. Mucus is a sticky, thick liquid that can further narrow airways.About 12 percent of children (< 18 years) and 8 percent of pregnant women have asthma.
Types:
• Allergic Asthma
• Intrinsic Asthma
• Exercise-Induced Asthma
• Nocturnal Asthma
• Occupational Asthma
• Steroid-Resistant Asthma
Diet » Health Articles » Importance of healthy breakfast
A healthy breakfast is necessary every day. Breakfast is a right way to start the day’s nutrition in right way. Eating regular and healthy breakfast maintains a healthy weight and improves overall health. But most of the people think that if they skip breakfast they can lose weight, but in fact it is not true. Breakfast means you are breaking the fast after a long night of sleep; eat breakfast like a king is what you should always remember. You should eat within an hour of getting up. If you skip your breakfast your body metabolism becomes slow. Higher energy levels are maintained if you eat breakfast. Glucose the sole source of energy for brain and the continuous supply of glucose is necessary to improve concentration and memory. If you skip the breakfast this may lead to poor memory and decreases the concentration, low blood sugar levels are maintained. While you skip your breakfast you may have high craving for the food you eat at lunch time and this may lead to weight gain. Instead of skipping its always better to eat in a smaller portion. It is good to include variety of foods in your breakfast. A healthy breakfast is that which contains variety of foods like cereals, fruits, milk and vegetables. It is always good to include complex carbohydrates or whole grains in your breakfast and this may give u satiety. Your healthy breakfast boosts your body metabolism. Many types of breakfast items are available according to the region. But a healthy breakfast is the meaning for what good foods we choose to maintain our health.
Diet » Health Articles » Prebiotics
Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients that remain in the digestive tract and stimulate the growth and/or activity of bacteria which are beneficial to the health of the body.
Prebiotics mostly come from carbohydrate fibers called oligosaccharides that cannot be easily digested other than by specific bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the gut. Sources of oligosaccharides include fruits, legumes, and whole grains.
Possible health benefits of prebiotics include:
Helps in Improved lactose tolerance
Improved absorption of calcium and magnesium
Enhances resistance to pathogens which results in decrease of gastrointestinal infections and respiratory infections
Amplifies bacterial synthesis of vitamins
Guards against allergies by reducing gut inflammation
Normalizing bowel function
Improving colitis
Reducing irritable bowel problems
Aiding calcium absorption
Boost the immune system
Prevents constipation and diarrhea.
Food Recipes
» Baked Methi Muthiya
Ingredients
1 pinch Pepper
1/4 tsp Red Chilli Powder
1/2 tsp Kasuri Methi
2 tbsp Oil
1 pinch Asafoetida (optional)
1/2 cup Besan Flour
1/2 cup Wheat Flour
1 tsp Salt
Preparation Time
Method
Pre heat the oven to 350 degree F.
Add all the ingredients (except oil) with little water.
Now add oil and knead it well.
Make equal small balls and flatten them with your palms.
Bake them until they turn crispy and golden brown in color.
Remove it from heat and enjoy it hot.
Diseases
Diseases » Psychiatry » Anorexia » introduction
Introduction Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention statistics
Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric illness leads to eating disorder characterized by extremely low body weight and body image distortion with an obsessive fear of gaining weight. Individuals with anorexia have extreme weight loss. Weight loss is usually 15% below the person's normal body weight.
The key factors associated with anorexia nervosa are:
• Refusal to sustain a minimally normal body weight
• Intense fear of gaining weight, despite being underweight
• Distorted view of one’s body or weight, or denial of the dangers of one’s low weight
Types:
Anorexia has been classified into two types include:
Restricting type: This is characterized by the patient adopting unhealthy habits, like fasting, to avoid weight gain.
Binge eating or Purging type: This type is characterized by the use of self-induced vomiting, or misuse of laxatives or diuretics to help in the prevention of weight gain
Treatment Procedures » Plasmapheresis
Plasmapheresis is the removal, treatment, and return of (components of) blood plasma from blood circulation. It is thus an extracorporeal therapy. The method can also be used to collect plasma for further manufacturing into a variety of medications.During plasmapheresis, blood is initially taken out of the body through a needle or previously implanted catheter. Plasma is then removed from the blood by a cell separator. Three procedures are commonly used to separate the plasma from the blood cells.
Wisdom Tooth Extraction
Wisdom tooth is always related to knowledge, our grandparents often says that when wisdom tooth comes it means that now the person has become wise. This is how it is related to wisdom and knowledge. No such studies and facts are present to prove this saying, apart from the fact that everyone knows this story. Wisdom tooth usually comes till the age of 17 years. Its eruption is the most painful phase of teething in one’s life. If jaw size is big and enough space is present to erupt then it is not painful otherwise it results in swelling and even need small surgery.
In some cases wisdom tooth comes on its appropriate place, but in some case it erupts in different angulations as shown in figure.
Mesial Impaction:- Impaction is the word given to condition when sufficient space is not available for the eruption of tooth as shown in figure .Wisdom tooth is hitting second molar and even causing gum infection in surrounding area.
In this case small surgery is required in which dentist has to give incision to extract wisdom tooth. After surgery sutures are placed to promote proper healing.
Distal Impaction: - In this case when tooth is placed distally, extraction has to be done very carefully. Little negligence can prove to make task difficult.
Vertical Impaction: - In this, tooth is placed vertically and space is not available for its eruption. During the extraction of vertically placed wisdom tooth dentist has to remove even bone.
Horizontal Impaction: - Extraction of horizontal impaction tooth is quite difficult as second molar lies close to wisdom tooth. Sometimes during extraction , second molar gets affected unintentionally.
Some precautionary measures after wisdom tooth extraction are as follows:-
Do not remove the cotton swab for at least half an hour.
Do not smoke after extraction for at least 3 days.
Do not miss any of the medication prescribed by the Doctor.
Do not use straw to sip drinks.
Do not spit frequently; try to swallow for at least 1 day.
Do not stretch your cheeks or prick finger in lesion.
Do not use vigorous brushing till the sutures are removed.
Take fluid diet for at least 2 days.
Do warm saline rinses twice daily for 3 days.
Keep mouth clean, use mouthwash so that plaque does not deposit on teeth.
Blackheads
» Take grapes pulp and apply it on blackhead affected area, let it dry for 15-20 minutes, and then wash your face with warm water
» Prepare a paste of lime juice and drumstick leaves, apply on black heads this is very useful for blackheads.
» Take 2-3 tablespoon yoghurt, oatmeal 1-2 tablespoon, olive oil and lemon juice 1 tablespoon each, and thoroughly mix the paste in a container or grinder. Apply the paste over affected area and let it dry, then wash your face using cold water. It is very effective in treating blackheads.
» Apply the cucumber paste on the affected area and let it dry, then wash your face using cold water. Cucumber is most effective on removing blackheads.
» Prepare a paste using vinegar and cornstarch and apply on blackhead affected area and let it dry for sometimes, then wash your face with warm water
» Add small quantity of sandalwood and rose water and prepare a sandalwood face pack. Apply this pack on blackheads affected area and let it dry, then wash your face with cold water. It will help to remove blackheads and will keep your skin cool.
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Health Articles » Nutrition facts of egg
Eggs are rich source of nutrients except vitamin C. One egg contains 6 grams of high-quality protein and all 9 essential amino acids. Egg protein has high biological value. It has biological value of 100. One medium size egg contains 214 mg of cholesterol. The cholesterol present in egg yolk may be harmful for diabetes, cardiovascular, obesity and diabetes. Phosphorus and iodine present in egg is essential for making thyroid hormones. Egg is a good source of glutamine. Raw egg is not good for health as raw egg contains avidin and it binds with biotin and makes the vitamin unavailable. Avidin is destroyed by cooking the egg. Egg is a good source of albumin. Egg fat is highly emulsified. Eggs are rich in vitamin B12. One large egg provides 75 kcals. Choline present in eggs is helpful in fetal brain development. Eggs are of immense benefit for eyes. According to one study, an egg per day may prevent macular degeneration due to its carotenoids contents specifically lutein and zeaxanthin. Lutein may lower risk of developing cataracts.
Diet Plans
calorie
1000 Calorie - Diet Plan 1200 Calorie - Diet Plan
1400 Calorie - Diet Plan 1500 Calorie - Diet Plan
1800 Calorie - Diet Plan
Renal - Diet Plan
1200 Renal Kilocalories - Diet Plan 1400 Renal Kilocalories - Diet Plan
Heart Healthy - Diet Plan
1200 Kilocalories Heart Healthy - Diet Plan 1500 Kilocalories Heart Healthy - Diet Plan
Diabetic - Diet Plan
1200 Kilocalories Diabetic- Diet Plan 1500 Kilocalories Diabetic- Diet Plan 1
1500 Kilocalories Diabetic- Diet Plan 2
1800 Kilocalories Diabetic- Diet Plan 1 1800 Kilocalories Diabetic- Diet Plan 2
Diet Videos..
Diet » Health Articles » Food Additives
A food additive is defined as a substance or a mixture of substances, other than basic food stuff, which is present in food as a result of any aspect of production, processing, storage or packaging. Food additives are added in order to improve texture, flavor, color and appearance. Food additives are classified as antioxidants, Preservatives, Food colors, food Flavors, Emulsifiers and stabilizers, anti caking agents, acids, bases and buffers, sweeteners, enzymes, leavening agents, anti foaming agents.
Antioxidants: A substance when added to food prevents oxidative deterioration . Some of the anti oxidants added in different foods are gallic acid, resin guiace, citric acid, tartaric acid, octyl gallate, dodecyl gallate, propyl gallate, ethyl gallate, butytlated hydroxyanisole and tertiary butyl hydro quinone.
Preservatives: These are substances when added to food inhibit, retard or arrest the activity of microorganisms such as fermentation, acidification and decomposition of foods. Some of the preservatives are common salt, dextrose, honey, spices, sugar, vinegar, edible vegetable oils, glucose syrup, nisin, sodium diacetate, nitrates, nitrites, lactic acid, sorbic acid, acid calcium phosphate.
Food colours: These food colours are used to enhance colors that occur naturally but at levels weaker than usually associated with a given food. There are natural and synthetic food colours. The natural sources are turmeric, saffron, caramel, beta carotene. The artificial colours are Red, yellow, blue and green.
Flavorings agents: Flavorings agents add flavor to foods. There are natural and artificial flavours.
Emulsifying agents: Substances which are capable of facilitating a uniform dispersion of oils and fats in aqueous media.
Anticaking agents: Substances that pick up moisture without themselves becoming wet. These are added to products such as table salt and dry mixes to a maximum level of 2%.
Anti foaming agents: The anti foaming agents are added to retard decorative changes and foaming height during heating of edible oils and fats.
Buffering agents: These are agents used to counter acidic and alkaline changes during storage or processing of the food, thus improving the flavour and increasing the stability of foods.
Central nervous system and Brain » Narcolepsy
Narcolepsy is the chronic sleep disorder or dyssomnia (excessive daytime sleepiness). The indications for narcolepsy include:
• The person sees or hears things when they are seems to begin dreaming before they are fully asleep.
• The person has experienced sudden muscle weakness with laughter, anger, pleasurable events or other emotions.
• The person often dreams right away when they doze off or seem to dream intensely while they sleep.
• The person has experienced paralysis/ inability to move when awakening or when dozing off.
Calculators
Body Fat Percentage
Body fat is produced in the body through the absorption of fats present in the food consumed. Although excess body fat content can have severe problems, the body requires a specific content of body fat for various metabolic and structural functions. This calculator demonstrates your body fat percentage.
Body Fat Percentage
Weight Pounds Kgs
Age years
Sex Male Female
Waist Inches
Results
Body Fat
Fat Level Men(% fat) Women(% fat)
Essential Fat Only 7-10% 14-17%
Athletic 10-13% 17-20%
Fit 13-17% 20-27%
Acceptable 17-25% 27-31%
Obese 25% and higher 32% and higher
Men - measure at the navel
Women - measure halfway between navel and sternum
Yellow Discoloration in Teeth
Yellow discoloration in teeth can be due to many reasons. Discoloration since birth cannot be cured by any of the dental treatment. Discoloration can be Extrinsic (outside) and Intrinsic (inside) depending upon the fatcors involved.
Dental
Oral Piercing
What is Oral Piercing?
Oral piercing or tongue piercing or lip piercing is very common in western countries and it is a trend among the youngsters.
Is oral piercing safe?
No, oral piercing is not at all safe procedure. It can lead to many complications which can be proving harmful for dental health.
What are the complications associated with oral piercing?
Following are the risks associated with Oral piercing:
• Infection: Infection is the foremost complication of oral piercing. Infection in oral cavity can also lead to many health related problems. Ornament or jewelry in mouth does not allow proper brushing and cleaning of mouth.
• Bleeding: Sometimes piercing leads to continuous bleeding which can take even months to heal. If piercing is done by some inexperienced professional it can result in nerve damage.
• Tooth wear: Tooth wear is most common in oral piercing. jewelry pierced also disrupts speech which can be temporary or permanent depending upon the location and method of piercing.
• Choking Hazards: If tongue or lip piercing is not done done properly, it can lead to choking hazards.
Diet » Fitness and Exercises » Benefits of Exercise
• Regular exercise prevents back pain.
• Helps to maintain bones, muscles and joints healthy.
• Reduces risk of diseases such as cardiovascular, blood pressure, diabetes and cancer.
• Helps in controlling weight.
• Improves metabolism.
• Relieves from stress.
• Reduces feeling of depression and anxiety.
• Exercise improves function of immune system.
• Exercise improves blood and oxygen circulation for all vital organs.
• Exercise slows down ageing.
• Exercise increase insulin sensitivity and prevents diabetes.
• Exercise will help you to sleep well.
• Exercise improve mood and due to the chemicals it releases in the brain called endorphins, it gives you an overall feeling of well being.
Diet » Health Articles » Nutrition facts of Apple
We're told that an apple a day keeps the doctor away due to its nutritional facts. An apple is composed of 80 to 85% water, 5% protein and 10 to 15% carbohydrates. Apple contains more antioxidants. Apple contains soluble fiber known as pectin which helps in proper digestion process. The dietary fiber present in apple also helps in reducing the bad cholesterol. Apple is rich in Vitamin A and vitamin C. The sugars present in apple are easily absorbed by the body. Apple contains minerals such as calcium, iron, magnesium, copper, potassium and phosphorus in small quantities. Flavonoids present in apples help to prevent prostate cancer. The quercetin in apples may protect brain cells from the kind of free radical damage that may lead to Alzheimer's disease. Apples protect post-menopausal women from osteoporosis and may also increase bone density. Boron, another ingredient in apples, also strengthens bones.
Diseases
Diseases » Cardiovascular » Atherosclerosis » introduction
Introduction Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention statistics
Atherosclerosis (Arteriosclerotic Vascular Disease) is a condition in which wall of artery thickens due to build up off fatty materials like cholesterol, calcium and other waste products called plaque. Formation of these plaques results in the reduction of blood flow through an artery. These plaques become fragile and sometimes rupture to form blood clot and leads to damage to artery. Then blood clots formed results in obstruction of blood flow off and travel to another part of the body. If this happens to heart it leads to heart attack and if it happens to brain it leads to stroke.
Images
[Aherosclerosis] [Atherosclerosis1] [Atherosclerosis and dite] [Atherosclerosis dite]
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Dental
Home Remedies
Home remedies for Teeth whitening:
• Strawberry paste is known for its teeth whitening effect. It has enzymes, which makes teeth bright and shiny. Crush some strawberries and make paste out of it, then apply this paste on toothbrush and brush your teeth. But after brushing with strawberry paste, brush your teeth with normal toothpaste. Continuous use of strawberries makes teeth look white and bright.
• Soda bicarbonate is another whitening agent which is known for its bleaching properties. It is easily available in every kitchen; apply it on the toothbrush to remove stains. Prolonged use of soda bicarbonate makes teeth white.
• Lemon is also used for teeth whitening. Rubbing lemon peel on teeth removes stain ,but prolonged used can even makes teeth sensitive because of citric acid.
• Eating apple regularly removes yellow satins from teeth.
Home remedies for tooth ache:
• Ice pack is an excellent remedy for suppressing pain. Pack ice cube in some cotton cloth and then apply on affected tooth, it will take few minutes to calm down.
• Clove has analgesic properties. Apply clove oil or place clove near the affected tooth to reduce pain.
• Oregano has antibiotic properties. Apply oregano oil on the affected tooth to drain abscess. Hence after it will reduce pain.
• Pour few drops of vanilla extract on the tooth, in few minutes pain will reduce.
• Take pinch of turmeric powder and mix it with mustard oil, it acts as excellent remedy for toothache. This paste you can apply twice a week to reduce caries and other teeth problems.
Home remedies for Gum diseases:
• Vitamin C is effective in curing gum disease. Include oranges and Amla in your diet to get rid of Gingivitis. If condition is severe then take vitamin C tablets after the prescription of doctor.
• Gum massage with gum paints or gum oil increase the blood flow and helps in curing gum diseases.
• Warm saline rinses twice a day is effective in removing bacteria present in mouth.
Dental
Root Canal Treatment (RCT)
Root canal treatment is a method to clean roots by gaining access from the tooth with the help of Dental instruments and specific equipments. When the carious lesion reaches pulp (where all blood vessels are present), then the only option left is RCT. Sometimes carious lesion even extend from root to apex (where root ends), then extraction is advisable as RCT will have poor prognosis in this case.
Time taken or sittings involved during RCT depends upon the extent of infection in tooth.
Steps involved in RCT are as follows:
Gaining Access to Root canals: Access from the surface of the tooth(crown) is gained with the help of Drilling instrument . Normally there are 3 canals in molars, 2 canals in premolars and 1 canal in Incisors and canine. Number of root canals can vary in tooth from person to person, it is never fixed.
Cleaning and Shaping of Root canals: Once the access is gained, then with the help of instrument known as files as shown in figure, Canals are cleaned. To avoid friction and proper cleaning disinfectant solution known as sodium hypochlorite is used. It removes all the debris and infection from the canals and makes them sterile. It usually takes 2 sittings, but if infection is less than it can be completed in 1 sitting also. After the thorough cleaning, temporary filling is placed in tooth and patient is asked to come after 2 days.
Filling of Root canals: Once the canals are cleaned, and then canals are properly dried with the help of paper points and filled. Canals are filled tightly with Gutta percha points (GP points). After filling of root canals, Permanent filling is placed in tooth; normally permanent filling does not last long. Always Crown is mandatory after RCT as tooth becomes weak from inside. To avoid further fracture of tooth, crown is mandatory.
Some frequently asked questions regarding RCT:
Is RCT Painful ?
No, RCT is not painful. Before starting the procedure dentist always anaesthetize the tooth to make it convenient for patient and as well as for Doctor.
Is RCT Safe ?
Yes, RCT is safe. When carious lesion reaches deep inside the tooth then RCT is only option to save the toth.
How many sittings are normally involved in RCT ?
If tooth is not infected then RCT can even be completed in single sitting. But, if infection is more then it normally takes 3 sittings and even more depends on the extent of infection.
Can Pregnant Women Undergo RCT ?
No, It is not at all recommended. RCT should be postponed until the birth of baby.
Is Crown Mandatory after RCT ?
Yes, Crown is mandatory after RCT to make tooth stronger and last longer. Without crown tooth can fracture anytime and after fracture, Extraction is the only option.
Does Pain Exists After RCT ?
If through cleaning and infection is removed during procedure then pain vanishes. But, if cleaning and filling of root canal is not done properly by the Dentist then surely patient will complain of pain again and again.
How Many X-Rays Are Involved In RCT ?
Normally one X-Ray before starting the procedure and one at the end of the procedure. It depends upon the Dentist, as he is a better judge of the condition involved during the procedure.
Do All Carious Tooth Need RCT ?
No, only the tooth in which carious lesion extends deep inside the pulp need RCT. Otherwise, fillings can be done to save the tooth.
Why Root Canal Treated Tooth Is Known As Dead Tooth ?
In Root canal procedure, Pulp(where blood supply of tooth is present) is removed and canals are cleaned properly. Main indication of RCT is when carious lesion reaches pulp and infects that area, then to relieve patient from pain it is removed. Tooth will no doubt remain in its position only the difference comes is it becomes non - sensitive, for this reason it is known as dead tooth.
Food Recipes
» Fafda
Ingredients
2 cups Besan
1/4 tsp Baking Soda
1/4 tsp Ajwain
1/4 tsp Turmeric Powder
1 tbsp Oil
1/2 tsp Salt
Preparation Time
Method
Mix the besan, soda, ajwain, haldi, oil (1 tbsp) and salt together in a bowl. Add water to it and knead into soft dough.
Take a portion of the dough and place it on a greased surface.
With base of your palm, flatten the dough and then, cut out 2" strips from it.
Fry these strips over medium heat until crisp. Let them cool.
Fafda is ready to eat. Serve with spicy chutney.
Diet » Nutrition Management » Nutrition and GERD
GERD is a condition in which during digestion process, acid from stomach flows backward up into esophagus. Heart burn may occur if excessive amounts of acid reflux enter esophagus. Gerd in later stage if left untreated it may cause damage to esophagus. You should be careful in choosing foods while suffering with gerd as some foods may aggravate acid reflux or some foods may irritate inflamed lower esophagus.
Dietary guidelines:
Eat small frequent meals.
Less than 300 mg of cholesterol a day.
Intake of sodium should not be more than 2400mg.
Avoid eating large meals before sleeping.
Avoid smoking and drinking alcohol.
Foods to avoid in GERD:
Spicy foods
Fried foods
High fat foods
Pepper
Vinegar
Mustard
Citrus fruits and juices
Coffee
Sot drinks
Peppermint
Carbonated beverages
Tomatoes
Whole milk
Sausage
Bacon
Choclates
Sweets
Foods to eat:
Fruits: Apples, pears, Bananas, watermelon
Milk : low fat milk and low fat milk products
Fats: very low amount of fats can be used
Soups: fat free or low fat soups
Lean meats
Diet » Health Articles » Coffee and its effects on health
Coffee is relatively safe it has no adverse health effects on most of the population. Depending of the strength of coffee it may contain 20 to 100 mg caffeine. Because of its stimulating effect some people avoid coffee. Coffee has stimulating effects on the central nervous system, heart which are due to caffeine. Coffee helps in some functional disorders which are caused due to lack of dopamine, as coffee is able to increase the dopamine formation in brain. During the coffee bean roasting process vitamin Niacin is formed in greater amounts from trigonelline, in deficiency of niacin coffee may be good. Trigonelline in coffee has anti-adhesive and antibacterial properties, which helps prevent cavities.
But too much caffeine should not be good for health. Too much coffee increases the production of stomach acid.
Glamour
Laser Hair Removal
Unwanted hair is a common problem in both men and women. Waxing and shaving etc are only the temporary solution to removing of the unwanted hair. Laser hair removal is procedure involving the removal of unwanted body hair permanently.
Laser hair removal technique can be used for permanent removal or to treat small or large areas of unwanted hair from the body surface.
Laser hair removal works by passing a beam of light through the skin. The wavelength of the beam used for the treatment is in the range of 670-890 nanometers. The treatment includes wearing protective eyewear. Usually for the best results, more than one sitting is required as the hair is best removed when it is in active growth phase.
It targets the hair follicle (from where the hair grows), which eventually gets destroyed instantly due to the intense hot beam. Laser treatment for hair removal can be used eventually on all parts of the body including
• Face
• Legs
• Bikini area
• Back
• Pubic area.
Laser hair removal methods are perhaps the best getting rid of the unwanted hair permanently. Some of the advantages associated with it are:
• Laser hair removal techniques are not painful as compared to waxing and tweezing. Users have compared the process as mild tingling sensation.
• Unlike other contemporary methods of hair removal, laser hair removal is less time consuming. However the hair removing process depends upon the area of the body part used for removal.
• Laser hair removal has few side effects like irritation etc., as compared to waxing or other similar procedures.
• The effects of laser hair removal are long lasting as compared to shaving, waxing, etc. which have to be repeated every week.
• Laser hair removal treatment does not require any medications, treatments or follow ups. The user does not require going to the hospital either.
Disadvantages involved with laser hair removal are:
• Laser hair removal treatment is very expensive.
• It is not beneficial for red, blonde or gray hair.
• It must be very cautiously removed on darker skin tones or on consumers who tan themselves.
• Laser hair removal is not perfect in case of consumers who are suffering from diabetes, skin disorders or infection disorders.
Knowledge Base
Common Tests Surgical Procedures Treatment Procedures Drug List
Treatment Procedures » Hemofiltration
In medicine, hemofiltration, also haemofiltration, is a renal replacement therapy similar to hemodialysis which is used almost exclusively in the intensive care setting. Thus, it is almost always used for acute renal failure. It is a slow continuous therapy in which sessions usually last between 12 to 24 hours and are usually performed daily. During hemofiltration, a patient's blood is passed through a set of tubing (a filtration circuit) via a machine to a semipermeable membrane (the filter) where waste products and water are removed. Replacement fluid is added and the blood is returned to the patient.
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Diet
Diet » Health Articles » Importance of calcium rich foods
Calcium is needed for growth and bone development. Deficiency of calcium leads to osteoporosis. Osteoporosis makes the bones thin. It is more common in women. More calcium is required during pregnancy, lactation. Even children and elderly require more amounts of calcium. Milk, curd, nuts, milk products, green leafy vegetables and ragi are some of the sources of calcium. Doing exercise reduces calcium loss from bones.
Diet Plans
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1000 Calorie - Diet Plan 1200 Calorie - Diet Plan
1400 Calorie - Diet Plan 1500 Calorie - Diet Plan
1800 Calorie - Diet Plan
Renal - Diet Plan
1200 Renal Kilocalories - Diet Plan 1400 Renal Kilocalories - Diet Plan
Heart Healthy - Diet Plan
1200 Kilocalories Heart Healthy - Diet Plan 1500 Kilocalories Heart Healthy - Diet Plan
Diabetic - Diet Plan
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1500 Kilocalories Diabetic- Diet Plan 2
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Stem Cell Facial
Stem Cell Skin facial Therapy uses cells taken from pregnant cows in the eighth month of pregnancy. The cells are drawn in such a way neither the cow nor the calf is harmed, and the cow's body replaces the drawn fluid in few hours. In lab the cells are purified and sterilized serum is stored in bottles. At a medical spa licensed clinicians, under the supervision of a medical expert treat facial skin with the stem cell mixture under sterile conditions. The workers are advised to use sterile gloves and masks to maintain aseptic condition and using a pipette it is transferred to the face. The liquid containing the stem cells is spread over the face until it is absorbed, and then a spray is applied often to keep the liquid in place until it can be absorbed into the upper layers of skin. Stem Cell Skin Therapy can be used in two ways: to firm or to hydrate. If a patient has deep creases, hydrating first so that the cells will better hold the stem cell solution for later tightening and firming. The effects of the treatment peak about six days following the application.
Eye care tips
Eye is a very delicate part of our body. Eyes are our first connection to the external world. Eye being delicate part need to be taken care of, you need to remember that your eye will also age with you and if not taken care of properly it may lead to eye problems. Here are certain tips to cool down your strained eye.
• Take rose water and add 2 drops of castor oil to it. Soak a small cotton pad in this and place it in your eye for 15 min, this will help soothe down eye burns.
• Dip cotton pads soaked in cold tea solution for 60 mins, and then place them in your eyelids for 20 mins. This will help your eyes to cool down.
• If your work involves looking on the computer monitor for a long time, then make sure you blink several times, and at frequent interval of 2-3 min, look away from computer screen. This will help better focus.
• Simplest method is to rub your palms together and then place it on your eyelids, this will soothe the eye.
• Make sure you have an anti-glare screen fixed in your monitor screen to reduce the strain to eyes.
• Dark circles can be one method for your eyes to tell you that it is tired, place a piece of cucumber on your eyelids for 20 mins, this will help cool down your eyes.
• For puffy eyes, you can use used tea bags after cooling it. Place this on your eyes this will reduce puffiness.
• Visit an ophthalmologist at least once in a year, it can’t cost you much.
• While driving bike, make sure you wear a sunglass, this will protect eye from sun and also dust.
• Don’t rub your eyes, even if there is some irritation splash plenty of water into your eyes, rubbing will further strain your eyes.
Eye care tips
Eye is a very delicate part of our body. Eyes are our first connection to the external world. Eye being delicate part need to be taken care of, you need to remember that your eye will also age with you and if not taken care of properly it may lead to eye problems. Here are certain tips to cool down your strained eye.
• Take rose water and add 2 drops of castor oil to it. Soak a small cotton pad in this and place it in your eye for 15 min, this will help soothe down eye burns.
• Dip cotton pads soaked in cold tea solution for 60 mins, and then place them in your eyelids for 20 mins. This will help your eyes to cool down.
• If your work involves looking on the computer monitor for a long time, then make sure you blink several times, and at frequent interval of 2-3 min, look away from computer screen. This will help better focus.
• Simplest method is to rub your palms together and then place it on your eyelids, this will soothe the eye.
• Make sure you have an anti-glare screen fixed in your monitor screen to reduce the strain to eyes.
• Dark circles can be one method for your eyes to tell you that it is tired, place a piece of cucumber on your eyelids for 20 mins, this will help cool down your eyes.
• For puffy eyes, you can use used tea bags after cooling it. Place this on your eyes this will reduce puffiness.
• Visit an ophthalmologist at least once in a year, it can’t cost you much.
• While driving bike, make sure you wear a sunglass, this will protect eye from sun and also dust.
• Don’t rub your eyes, even if there is some irritation splash plenty of water into your eyes, rubbing will further strain your eyes.
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